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Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: chemicals consisting of hydrocarbons released from the cuticle permit the recognition of alien species.148149 Every colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is due to genetic and environmental factors like the termites' diet and the composition of these bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.

Termites rely on alert communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be discharged when the nest has been broken or is being assaulted by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites always avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Other methods of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids from the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.

In some species, a few soldiers block tunnels to prevent their enemies from entering the nest, and they might deliberately rupture themselves as an act of defence.153 In scenarios where the intrusion is coming out of a breach that is larger than the soldier's mind, defence requires a distinctive formations where soldiers form a phalanx-like formation around the breach and sting at intruders.154 When an invasion carried out by Megaponera analis is successful, an entire colony could be destroyed, although this scenario is rare.154.

To termites, any breach of their tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites detect a potential violation, the soldiers usually bang their heads, apparently to attract other soldiers for defence and to recruit additional workers to repair any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite lumps into other termites that causes them to be alarmed and to leave pheromone trails to the disturbed area, which is also a way to recruit additional workers.56.

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The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae has a specialised caste of soldiers, also known as nasutes, that have the capability to exude noxious fluids via a horn-like frontal projection that they use for defence.155 Nasutes have dropped their mandibles throughout the plan of evolution and must be fed by employees.59 A wide variety of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the liquids which nasutes secrete.156 Similarly, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to safeguard their nests.157.

Soldiers of those species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a large gland just beneath the surface of their cuticles. The thick, yellowish fluid in the gland gets very sticky on contact with the air, entangling ants or other insects that are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, additionally engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a cube which denies entry to any attacker.161.

Workers use several different approaches to take care of their deceased, including burying, cannibalism, helpful hints and avoiding a corpse altogether.162163164 To avoid pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate conveys away a corpse from the colony to eliminate it everywhere.165 Which strategy is used depends on the nature of this corpse a worker is dealing great site with (i.e.

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A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These tiny brown chunks, known as"termite balls", rarely kill the eggsand in certain circumstances the employees tend to these.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behaviour exists between various species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain termite species within Reticulitermes.

This compound mimicry allows the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes enables the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Some species of ant have been known to capture termites to use as a fresh food origin after on, rather than killing them. By way of instance, Formica nigra captures termites, and those who attempt to escape are immediately captured and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species move in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants like Megaponera analis attack the exterior of mounds and Dorylinae ants attack underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of click here for info ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both inhabited and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants live in Nasutitermes mounds is a result of the termites' frequent occurrence in their geographical range; another is to protect themselves from floods.174175 Iridomyrmex also inhabits termite mounds but no evidence for any kind of relationship (other than the usual predatory one) is known.116 In rare situations, certain species of termites live inside busy ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and dwell inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a result, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their hosts.